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luminous tube lamp - translation to ρωσικά
общая лексика
люминисцентная лампа
![A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp.JPG?width=200 "A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.")
![A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Energy.svg?width=200 "A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.")
![[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Lamp Inverter.png?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic")
![T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp hold for T8 and T12 lamps.jpg?width=200 "T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps")
![Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp spectrum.jpg?width=200 "Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.")
![[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent tube under electric line.jpg?width=200 "[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.")
![A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Germicidal UV discharge tube glow.jpg?width=200 "A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.")
![A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helical fluorescent lamp spectrum by diffraction grating.JPG?width=200 "A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.")
![The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kelvin Temperature Chart.svg?width=200 "The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps")
![Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg?width=200 "Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.")
![ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magnetek Watt Reducer HPF Rapid Start Ballast.jpg?width=200 "ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.")
![ballast]] for 18–20 W](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New GE Ballast.JPG?width=200 "ballast]] for 18–20 W")
![[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter Cooper Hewitt.jpg?width=200 "[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]")
.png?width=200 "frameless")
![[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TCS lamps2.jpg?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps")
![Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Various lighting spectrums - Flurescent incandescent diode and candle.jpg?width=200 "Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].")
общая лексика
флуоресцентная трубка
Ορισμός
Βικιπαίδεια
In photometry, illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. Similarly, luminous emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface. Luminous emittance is also known as luminous exitance.
In SI units illuminance is measured in lux (lx), or equivalently in lumens per square metre (lm·m−2). Luminous exitance is measured in lm·m−2 only, not lux. In the CGS system, the unit of illuminance is the phot, which is equal to 10000 lux. The foot-candle is a non-metric unit of illuminance that is used in photography.
Illuminance was formerly often called brightness, but this leads to confusion with other uses of the word, such as to mean luminance. "Brightness" should never be used for quantitative description, but only for nonquantitative references to physiological sensations and perceptions of light.
The human eye is capable of seeing somewhat more than a 2 trillion-fold range. The presence of white objects is somewhat discernible under starlight, at 5×10−5 lux, while at the bright end, it is possible to read large text at 108 lux, or about 1000 times that of direct sunlight, although this can be very uncomfortable and cause long-lasting afterimages.
